Retries and Error Handling

As a starting point, use these scripts to add production-grade reliability to your integration.

• They show how to apply timeouts, bounded retries, and exponential backoff when requests fail due to transient errors or rate limits, while avoiding retries on non-recoverable failures such as invalid authentication or malformed requests.

• With exponential backoff, each retry waits longer than the last, often with added jitter, which reduces contention and prevents synchronized retry storms.

• Retries continue until the request succeeds or a maximum attempt limit is reached, allowing your system to recover gracefully without dropping work or violating rate limits.

• Refer to these resources for more guidance:

  • https://tenacity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

  • https://pypi.org/project/backoff/

Python

import base64
import hashlib
import json
import os
import time

import requests
from nacl.signing import SigningKey

BASE_URL = 'https://trading.api.thegrid.ai'
MAX_RETRIES = 3
RETRY_DELAY_SEC = 1


class SignatureAuth:
    def __init__(self, private_key_b64, public_key_b64):
        self.private_key = SigningKey(base64.b64decode(private_key_b64)[:32])
        public_key_bytes = base64.b64decode(public_key_b64)
        hash_digest = hashlib.sha256(public_key_bytes).digest()
        self.fingerprint = base64.b64encode(hash_digest).decode().rstrip('=')

    def get_headers(self, method, path, body=''):
        timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
        message = f'{timestamp}{method.upper()}{path}{body}'
        signature = self.private_key.sign(message.encode()).signature
        return {
            'x-thegrid-signature': base64.b64encode(signature).decode(),
            'x-thegrid-timestamp': timestamp,
            'x-thegrid-fingerprint': self.fingerprint,
        }


def buy_with_retry(auth, market_id, quantity, max_price):
    order_data = {
        'market_id': market_id,
        'side': 'buy',
        'type': 'limit',
        'quantity': quantity,
        'price': str(max_price),
        'time_in_force': 'gtc',
        'client_order_id': f'buy-{int(time.time() * 1000)}',
    }

    path = '/api/v1/trading/orders'
    body = json.dumps(order_data)

    for attempt in range(1, MAX_RETRIES + 1):
        try:
            # Generate fresh signature for each attempt (timestamp changes)
            headers = auth.get_headers('POST', path, body)
            headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'

            response = requests.post(f'{BASE_URL}{path}', data=body, headers=headers)
            response.raise_for_status()
            return {'success': True, 'order_id': response.json()['data']['order_id']}

        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
            status = getattr(e.response, 'status_code', None) if hasattr(e, 'response') else None
            message = str(e)

            if hasattr(e, 'response') and e.response is not None:
                try:
                    message = e.response.json().get('errors', {}).get('detail', message)
                except (ValueError, KeyError):
                    pass

            print(f'Attempt {attempt}/{MAX_RETRIES} failed: {message}')

            # Don't retry on client errors (4xx) except rate limiting (429)
            if status and 400 <= status < 500 and status != 429:
                return {'success': False, 'error': message, 'retryable': False}

            # Wait before retrying (exponential backoff)
            if attempt < MAX_RETRIES:
                delay = RETRY_DELAY_SEC * (2 ** (attempt - 1))
                print(f'Retrying in {delay}s...')
                time.sleep(delay)

    return {'success': False, 'error': 'Max retries exceeded', 'retryable': True}


auth = SignatureAuth(
    os.environ['GRID_TRADING_PRIVATE_KEY'],
    os.environ['GRID_TRADING_PUBLIC_KEY'],
)

result = buy_with_retry(
    auth,
    'market_788dcbd5-ac68-4c61-acf1-4443beaf2a1c',
    1,
    2.50
)

if result['success']:
    print(f"Order placed: {result['order_id']}")
else:
    print(f"Order failed: {result['error']}")
    exit(1)

JavaScript

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